Observation: This section of Paul's letter to Timothy (although probably not written by Paul himself) comes across as lots of duties toward believers. It is proverbial wisdom. Taken at a very literal level this could turn to legalism in a hurry.
Application: The Covenant Triangle continues to impress upon me that our obedience is never earned by the duties we are instructed in but by our identity and inheritance through the Father. Historical criticism of this text helps us celebrate what was happening in the regard to 1st century codes of household duties. There was a clear division of leadership. This does not translate well into an equalitarian society. Advice for widows in 1st century roman empire may not translate well into 21st century America. The application of duties without hermeneutic and discernment would fail to accomplish obedience <- Identity <- Father. I can see God's provision and wisdom even though the technique and application seems antiquated.
Prayer: Lord, the duties you call us to are for your kingdom. Remind us of our identity as your children so that we may obey you for the sake of who you made us to be and not just to follow the rules.